从“以言载道”到“以事娱人”——宋前“话”的流变考论

From carrying doctrines with words to amusing people by stories ——Probing into the evolution of the word "Hua" in Pre-Song dynasty

从先秦"以言载道"到隋唐"以事娱人",宋前"话"字经历了巨大的变化。使用者由政权阶级向普通大众游移,典范与政治教化作用逐步减弱,文化地位由雅入俗。不拘场合和身份的各种"谈话",又在一定程度上催生了"话"的叙事特征和娱乐色彩,使得"话"的主要义项由僵化的政治言语转变为生动形象的故事,并在宋代掀起一股平民文学浪潮,滋生了"平话"、"诗话"、"词话"等众多俗文学类别,揭开了元明清俗文学繁荣发展的序幕。

From carrying doctrines with words in Pre-Qin dynasty to amusing people by stories in Sui and Tang dynasties,the word of ＂hua＂ had experienced some tremendous changes during Pre-Song dynasty.The users＇ identity transformed from superstratum to substrate.The criterion and some moralizing function were gradually weakened.The status in culture turned into being vulgar from elegance.Many kinds of conversations taking place in various occasions could also stimulate some narrative and amusing characteristics to come into being.Which making the main meaning of the ＂Hua＂ turned into some vivid stories from some rigid political words,and then activized the development of many-headed popular literature in Song dynasty.Meanwhile,all these resulted in some popular literary categories to come forth,such as ＂PingHua＂,＂ShiHua＂,＂CiHua＂ and so on.Moreover,it created a prelude of popular literature＇s development and prosperity in Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.