氮肥施用时期对玉米后期叶绿体超微结构的影响

Effect of different fertilizing time on the chloroplast ultrastructure in later growing stage

采用盆栽试验研究氮肥不同施用时期对玉米生长后期叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明,当氮肥分别在基施、拔节期与大喇叭口期1:3:1施用时,叶绿素含量最高,叶绿体和线粒体结构完整,基粒和基质片层结构丰富;当追肥次数逐渐减少直至不施氮肥时,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,叶绿体形状由长椭圆形趋于圆形,被膜不断破裂,片层结构由排列整齐变为混乱,线粒体膜被破坏,脊的数量减少。因此,合理地增加追肥次数能提高叶绿素含量,有效改善叶绿体的超微结构。

By pot experiment,the effects of different nitrogen application time on chloroplast ultrastructure was studied in later growing stage of spring maize.The results showed that the chlorophyll content was the highest,the structure of chloroplast and mitochondrion was integrated and the granum lamellae was rich,when the fertilizer nitrogen was applied with a ratio of 1：3：1 in base fertilizer,jointing fertilizer and big trumpet fertilizer.With decreasing topdressing numbers until no nitrogen application,the chlorophyll content decreased,its structure changed from oblong to sphere and its lamellae ruptured;the lamellae structure gradually arranged disorderly,the membrane of mitochondrion was destroyed and the number of cristae decreased.So the proper increasing of the number of nitrogen topdressing could enhance the chlorophyll content and improve chloroplast ultrastructure.