有机肥对涂园土壤的改良效果及施用技术

Effect of organic fertilizer on mudflat soil improvement and its application techniques

通过农户调查、田间调查、取土分析和定位试验,认为涂园土壤退化主要是由农民不施有机肥、大量施用化肥、复种指数高和种植掠夺性作物等人为因素引起的;涂园土壤退化的本质是土壤结构差,土壤板结,通气性差,保肥供肥能力差,使作物根系生长困难,抑制作物生长;涂园土壤退化也与土壤酸化有关。针对涂园土壤退化原因采用增施有机肥、测土配方施肥、合理轮作、季节性休耕等措施,其中增施有机肥能明显提高作物产量,提高土壤肥力,主要表现在降低土壤容重,提高土壤有机质,提高土壤阳离子交换量;退化的涂园土壤第一茬施用商品有机肥的适宜用量是15.00 t/hm2,后茬作物商品有机肥施用量可选择3.75～7.50 t/hm2;涂园葱在施用商品有机肥15.00 t/hm2的基础上,氮素的最佳施用量是0.32 t/hm2,相当于施用尿素0.71 t/hm2。

Through investigation on farmers and fields,collection and analysis of soil samples as well as location test,the reason of shoal-field soil degeneration was analyzed in this paper and found that it was given to rise by nonuse of organic fertilizer,over use of chemical fertilizer,high index of multiple cropping,planting predatory crops and other human factors.The degeneration of shoal-field soil essentially was attributable to inferiorsoil construction,soil hardening,poor soil aeration,weak fertilizer preservation and falling short of fertilizer supply,which were unfavorable to roots growth,thereby thwarting crop growth.Additionally,degeneration of shoal-field soil was dealt with soil acidification which promoted shoal-field soil degeneration.Therefore,in order to improve the degenerated mudflat soil,several measures were taken such as additional application of organic fertilizer,fertilizer application according to formulation based on soil test,efficiency rotationof crops,seasonal fallow and so forth,and among them the additional application of organic fertilizer was the best way to improve the degenerated mudflat soil,which would raise crop yield significantly and improve soil fertility,reflected by decrease of soil bulk density,growth of soil organic matter,rise of soil cation exchange capacity;The proper application amount of commercial organic fertilizer was 15.00 t/hm2for degenerated mudflat soil in the first cutting,and 3.75～7.50 t/hm2in the next cutting;On the basis of commercial organic fertilizer application of 15.00 t/hm2 on the mudflat soil for onions（celery and garlic,etc.）planting,the optimal application amount of nitrogen was 0.32 t/hm2,which was equivalent to 0.71 t/hm2urea.