吴语音韵史中白读音的保守与创新——以虞韵[*iu]、鱼韵[*i]的两项变化为例

The Conservatism and Innovation of Vernacular Layers in Historical Phonology of Wu Dialects

汉语方言的白读音多呈保守态势,但其后续创新也不可忽视。以吴语为例,1)从音类关系上看,南朝层次的虞韵白读[*iu](虞尤相混层)在北部吴语(常熟)、南部吴语、闽语表现一致,而苏州型吴语则在此基础上经历了创新变化。虞韵白读音在北部吴语中的音类分合差异,是由音韵结构的变迁造成的。2)南宋层次的鱼韵白读[*i](鱼虞有别层)在部分北部吴语的表现不止一种,源自其不同类型的后起创新,不同的演变形式还可能分化成不同的语素。目前的方言历史层次理论和词汇扩散理论似乎需要考虑这一语言事实。

Besides conservatism,the vernacular layers in Chinese dialects also often may exemplify innovation.Two cases study of Yu（虞）and Yu（鱼）in Wu dialects are provided in this paper.1）From the perspective of phonological relationship of the vernacular layer of Yu（虞）dated back to Six Dynasties,the reflex in Changshu in northern Wu,Southern Wu and Min dialects directly inherits from the early layer.However the reflex in Soochow comes from the subsequent innovation.2）The vernacular layer of Yu（鱼）dated from the Southern Song Dynasties also experiences innovative change in some northern Wu dialects.The morphemic differentiation maybe appears as a concomitant phenomenon.This may enrich the theory of Chinese dialect stratum as well as the theory of lexical diffusion.