为提喻正名——认知语义学视角下的提喻和转喻

Let Synecdoche Stand Alone:Its Distinction from Metonymy in Light of Cognitive Semantics

随着认知语言学的兴起和发展,人们对隐喻、转喻等传统辞格产生了革命性的新认识,而同属传统辞格的提喻除偶尔在认知语言学研究中当作转喻的一个下属分支外鲜被提及。文章认为,提喻和转喻并不是纯粹的从属关系,它们的认知基础相似但本质上有所不同,提喻反映了一种相对独特的认知方式。研究突破修辞学和认知语言学对提喻的通常看法,依据认知语义学理论的基本观点,结合认知语用学中的关联理论,厘清提喻与和转喻的关系,认为从认知和修辞角度将提喻从转喻中独立出来具有重要的语言学和认知科学意义。

Cognitive Linguistics has shed new light on the interpretation of some traditional figures of speech such as metaphor and metonymy.Relatively speaking,synecdoche has attracted far less attention although it is also a traditional rhetorical device.It is to be contended here that contrary to the popular belief that it is one sub-category of metonymy,synecdoche is in fact a separate category parallel to metaphor and metonymy because it has a fundamentally different cognitive basis and corresponds to a unique manner of cognition.In accordance with some basic arguments of cognitive semantics and on the strength of Relevance Theory,we draw a demarcation line between metonymy and synecdoche and highlight the linguistic and cognitive implications of such a distinction.