《推销员之死》中的经济伦理观

On Economic ethics in Death of a Salesman

《推销员之死》是美国戏剧大师阿瑟.米勒的代表作。剧中主人公威利.洛曼从事推销工作三十多年,却没有真正领悟到在资本主义社会中维持经济关系的要领,因此在经济活动中屡屡失败。他失败的原因除了归结于残酷的社会竞争和他个人不切实际的幻想外,更致命的因素在于他在经济活动中持有的经济伦理观违背当时社会"理性利己主义"的经济伦理语境,背离了资本主义市场经济下的效率至上和平等交换的原则,因而既无法理性地维持与顾客之间的买卖经济关系,也无法理性地处理与雇主之间的雇佣经济关系,最终步入自杀的绝境。

Death of a Salesman is the masterpiece of the American dramatist Arthur Miller.The protagonist Willy Loman in the drama works as a salesman for more than thirty years but has no idea of how to keep a good economic relationship with others,thus he suffers frequent failures.Besides the cut-throat competition and his impractical thoughts,the deadly cause of his failure is his irrational economic ethics,which goes against the principle that ＂efficiency comes first＂ and the principle of ＂equality and mutual benefit＂ and brings him a dead end.