2Mani M, Bhalchondra G, Parulkar M D, et al. Urinary lithiasis: etiology, diagnosis, and medical management [M]. In:Walsh P C,Retik A B,Stamey T A,et al,eds. Campbell, s urology. 7^th ed. Philadelphia : Saunders, 2001. 2720.
3Webb J A. Ultrasonography and Doppler studies in the diagnosis of renal obstruction[J]. BJU Int, 2000, 86 : 25 -32.
4Kochakam W,Ratana-Olam K,Viseshsindh V,et al. Ureteral calculi during preganacy: review of the management at Ramathibodi hospital[J]. J Med Assoc Thai, 2002,85:433-437.
5Evans H J, Wollin T A. The management of urinary calculi in pregnancy [J]. Curr Opin Urol, 2001,11:379 -384.
6B. Sayed M A, el-Taher A M, Aboul-Ella H A, et al. Steinstresse after extracorporeal shoekwave lithotripsy:aetiology,prevention and management [J]. BJU int,2001,88(7):675-678.
7Lifshitz D A, Lingeman J E. Ureteroscopy as afirst-line intervention for ureteral calculi in pregnancy [J]. J Endourol, 2002,16 : 19 - 22.
