会话推理的认知阐释

A Cognitive Construal of Conversational Inference

会话推理是一个复杂的认知过程。意图既是一种重要的认知资源,也是推理的目的和归宿。各种心理表征方式,诸如框架、图样、脚本、心理空间等知识结构在会话推理过程中被特定的语言表达式所激活,通过隐喻和转喻映射,产生出新的心理表征,最后经过语境的修饰或限制,达到对言者意图的识别,从而推导出会话含义。

Conversational inference is a complicated cognitive process,wherein various cognitive resources are utilized.To begin with,Speaker＇s intention is pivotal in the recovery of conversational implicature,for it is both the departure and the anchorage of conversational inference.In addition,various mental structures,such as frame,script,scenario,mental spaces are activated in this process.Finally,two cognitive mechanisms,namely,metaphorical mapping and metonymical mapping,play an indispensible role in this inferential process as they automatically activate the mental structures accessible to both Speaker and Hearer,and with the modifying and/or constraining effects of context,the derivation of conversational implicatures turns out to be easy and speedy.