德性与规范:道德二维及其统一

On Virtue and Norms:the Two Dimensions of Moral and Their Unification

德性论伦理学和规范论伦理学对道德作了不同侧面的强调,德性论首先强调人应当成为一个什么样的人?规范论则主要强调一个人应当做什么以及应当怎样做?从道德与人的关系来说,道德本身便内在地蕴含德性之维和规范之维。道德作为德性时指涉的是道德对于人的本体性意义,即道德使人成之为人而区别于动物,并且成就、实现和完善作为人的价值和意义,主要体现为主体内在品质;道德作为规范时指涉的是道德规范可以约束人、规范人,从而维护人类社会秩序和人类整体生存,主要体现为具体的社会道德规范。道德之二维是互生互成的一体两面,过分强调其中之一维而忽视另一维都会导致对道德的片面理解。

Virtue ethics and normative ethics emphasize the different aspects of moral.The theory of virtue emphasizes what kind of people a person should be.The theory of norms emphasizes what a person should do and how to do.From the relationship between human and moral,moral itself contains the dimension of virtue and the dimension of norms within.The significance of the dimension of virtue is fundamental and ontological,that is,moral makes a human being become a man but not an animal,and it helps to achieve,realize and perfect people＇s value and meaning,which mainly embodies in the internal quality of man.The dimension of norms refers that moral norms can restrain and discipline people so as to maintain the social order and human existence,which is exemplified in concrete social moral norms.The two dimensions of morality are the two side of an object which are complementary to each other.It will lead to one-sided understanding of moral if we only emphasize on one and neglect the other.