中国古代诉讼中审查判断证据的主要方法

On the Main Methods of Evidence Review and Judgment of Litigations in Ancient China

在中国古代诉讼中,对于审查判断证据的方法,并没有一定之规。从古代判例判牍来看,审查判断证据的方法主要有五种,即情理审断法、事理审断法、对质法、印证法以及勘查、鉴定法。这些方法是古代司法经验和智慧的结晶,保障了古代司法的基本正义。但囿于不发达的方法理论和科学技术,这些方法的运用存在一些弊端。

In the litigations in ancient China,there are no fixed methods of review and judgment of evidences.From those ancient cases,the main methods of evidence review and judgment of litigations are the following five categories：rational judging,using common sense to judge,confrontation,proving and surveying with identification.These methods are the crystallization of ancient judicial experience and wisdom;they＇re also a guarantee of fundamental justice of ancient judiciary.However,because of the undeveloped theory about methods and scientific technology,some drawbacks still exist in the using of these methods.