不同地貌类型农户农业投入质量特征——基于安徽省农户的实证调查

Study of Quality Characters of Agricultural Devotion by Rural Households in Different Landforms Based on Empirical Study in Anhui Province

农户作为农业生产投入的微观主体,其农业投入行为对农业和农村经济发展影响重大。以安徽省平原地区和丘陵山区23个县(市、区)的353个农户抽样调查数据,构建农户投入质量模型,分析不同地貌类型的农户农业投入质量。结果表明:①平原地区农户土地投入质量、资本投入质量优于丘陵山区,而劳动力投入质量劣于丘陵山区;②土地投入质量低可能是丘陵山区农户资本投资收益低的原因之一,增加农业基础设施投人是使农业摆脱困境的根本途径;③劳动力投入表现出兼业化、劣质化,应鼓励耕地有序流转,扩大农户耕地经营规模,使耕地集中到种粮专业户手中;④农户农业投入主要是流动资本,固定资本投入较少,农药、化肥投入一直处于上升趋势,其施用已经进入"进退维谷"中。

Rural households are the main body of agricultural devotion, and their agricultural devotion behavior has a significant impact on the development of agriculture and rural economy. This paper establishes a model of agricultural devotion quality and analyzes the quality of rural household＇s farmland devotion in different landforms based on the questionnaire survey of 353 rural households in 23 counties in plain and hilly areas of Anhui Province. The results show that; （1） The quality of land devotion and capital devotion by rural households in plain areas is superior to that in hilly area, while the quality of labour force devotion is worse than that in hilly areas; （2） The low quality of farmland in hilly areas may be one of the reasons for the low rate of return on rural households＇ capital investment, suggesting that increasing the investment of agriculture infrastructure is the essence of getting out of predicament the agriculture of this country~ （3） The quality of labour force has been degraded. It is important to encourage orderly transfer of cultivated land, to increase the rural households＇ farmland size and to gather the cultivated land to agricultural specialized households for the rise of farmer＇s income and national food seeurity~ and （4） At present, floating capital investment is the main component of rural households~ devotion to agriculture and the investment to pesticide and fertilizer has been on the rise.