什么是汉学主义?——探索中国知识生产的新范式

What is "Sinologism":Exploring New Paradigms in China Knowledge Production

汉学主义(Sinologism)是近几年中西研究中出现的一个新概念。它既不是汉学的一种形式,也不是东方主义和其他理论的翻版,而是中国知识生产和学术研究中的一种隐性意识形态。本文从"汉学主义"概念的产生和东方主义及后殖民理论的局限入手,提出去政治化和去意识形态化的汉学主义批评理论,对汉学主义的核心问题进行概念性的探讨,包括:汉学主义理论的意义,研究领域和范围,内在逻辑、工作原理、性质和定义,以及该理论的未来发展方向。汉学主义既是一个知识系统,又是知识生产的一种实践理论,是中国知识生产和学术研究中建立在以西方为中心的种种观点、概念、理论、方法和范式的总体基础之上的智性无意识或学术无意识。但汉学主义的理论不应成为后殖民主义的政治批判理论,而应成为去政治化和去意识形态化的学术批评理论,把追求尽可能客观、公正、科学的知识生产和学术研究作为终结目标。在全球化的大语境下,很有必要进行改革开放以来学术思想的二次解放,克服汉学主义的认识论和方法论惰性,建立中国知识生产的新范式。

Sinologism is a new concept that has recently appeared in China-West studies.Most existing references to this concept view it as a sub-category of Said's Orientalism or 'Oreintalism in Sinological studies'.Sinologism is neither a form of Sinology nor different versions of Orientalism and other theories,but an implicit ideology in China knowledge production and in China studies.It is both a knowledge system and a practical theory for knowledge production.By examining the appearance of the concept and the limitations of post-colonialist theory and practice,the article conducts a conceptual inquiry into the core issues of Sinologism: Why is it necessary to propose Sinologism as a theoretical category? What are its fields of investigation,inner logic,working rationale,characteristic features,and definition? In what directions should Sinologism develop? and what are its ultimate objectives? As an intellectual system,Sinolgoism is constructed on a variety of Western-centered ideas,concepts,theories,methodologies and paradigms.Its conceptual core is an implicit ideological unconsciousness grounded in epistemological and methodological colonization by the West and self-colonization by the non-Western world including the Chinese.Nevertheless,Sinologism should not become a theory of political and ideological criticism,but should be a de-politicized and de-ideologized theory of academic criticism whose aim is to produce China knowledge in as scientific,objective and fair a way as possible.In the context of globalization,it is necessary to initiate an intellectual emancipation in Chinese academia,overcome the epistemological and methodological inertia of Sinologism,and locate new paradigms for China knowledge production.