母乳中重金属等微量元素状况分析

Analysis on the status of trace elements in breast milk

目的：调查和比较厦门市与保定市母乳中微量元素（铅、镉、锌、铜、锰）含量,分析其影响因素。方法：2008年6~10月间采用简单随机方法抽取厦门市妇幼保健院和保定市妇幼保健院的产妇各200名,填写孕期健康影响因素调查问卷,对母乳中微量元素含量进行分析检测。结果：厦门市和保定市母乳中铅、镉、锌、铜、锰、汞中位数水平分别为7.98μg/L、0.43μg/L、7 163.00μg/L、614.75μg/L、23.81μg/L、2.18μg/L和4.42μg/L、0.26μg/L、6 341.00μg/L、450.25μg/L、27.93μg/L、1.92μg/L。除锰外,厦门市母亲初乳中铅、镉、锌、铜元素含量均显著高于保定市（P〈0.01）,z值分别为：铅-5.916,镉-4.507,锌-3.047,铜-6.105;保定市母乳中锰显著高于厦门市（z=-2.090,P〈0.05）。应用多元Lo-gistic回归发现,产妇食用海鱼均进入了铅、汞、镉、锌、铜的回归方程;乳汁铅与孕期食用鸡蛋、海鱼及身高矮小有关;乳汁镉与食用海鱼多有关;乳汁汞与食用海鱼及蟹类多有关;近3年有过装修、食用海鱼多及阴道分娩乳汁锌含量高;乳汁铜与食用海鱼多、婴儿出生体重大、产妇身高矮小及婴儿出生身长短有关;锰则与家庭附近有污染厂,妊娠期间使用口红,食用豆类产品有关。结论：厦门和保定两市产妇初乳中各种微量元素含量存在差异,与饮食习惯和环境污染等因素有关。

Objective：To investigate and compare the contents of trace elements（lead,cadmium,zinc,copper and manganese） in breast milk between Xiamen city and Baoding city,analyze the effect factors.Methods：A simple random method was used to select 200 lying-in women from Xiamen maternal and child health hospital and 200 lying-in women from Baoding maternal and child health hospital from June to October in 2008.A questionnaire about the effect factors of health during pregnancy was filled in,and the contents of trace elements in breast milk were analyzed and detected.Results：The medians of lead,cadmium,zinc,copper,manganese and mercury in breast milk in Xiamen and Baoding were 7.98 μg/L,0.43 μg/L,7 163.00 μg/L,614.75 μg/L,23.81 μg/L,2.18 μg/L and 4.42 μg/L,0.26 μg/L,6 341.00 μg/L,450.25 μg/L,27.93 μg/L,1.92 μg/L,respectively.The contents of lead,cadmium,zinc and copper in breast milk of lying-in women in Xiamen were significantly higher than those in Baoding（P0.01）,the z values were-5.916（lead）,-4.507（cadmium）,-3.047（zinc） and-6.105（copper）,respectively;the content of manganese in breast milk of lying-in women in Baoding was significantly higher than that in Xiamen（z=-2.090,P0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sea fish consumption was related to lead,mercury,cadmium,zinc and copper;the lead content in breast milk was related to eggs and sea fish consumptions during pregnancy and short stature;the content of cadmium in breast milk was related to high consumption of sea fish;the content of mercury was related to consumptions of sea fish and sea crab;the content of zinc in breast milk was high in the women with housing decoration during the last three years,high consumption of sea fish and vaginal delivery;the content of copper in breast milk was related to high consumption of sea fish,high birth weight of infants,short stature of lying-in women and short birth length of infants;the content of manganese was related to house nearby the pollution factory,using lipstick during pregnancy and eating beans.Conclusion：There is difference in contents of various trace elements in colostrum of lying-in women between Xiamen city and Baoding city,which is related to dietary habits and environmental pollution.