无学祖元与日本的五山文学

Wuxuezuyuan and the Japanese Five Mountains Literature

"五山文学",是指从镰仓时代初期到江户时代前期,以活跃在五山、十刹、诸山的临济宗禅僧创作的汉诗文为中心形成的中世禅林汉文学。南宋临济宗杨岐派僧无学祖元赴日后,积极从事文学创作活动,留下了数量可观、风格多样、内容丰富的诗偈,这些作品有不少在后世成为传抄与唱和的对象。同时,他还指导日本禅林的偈颂创作。他开创的佛光派,是长期左右五山文学发展的主力军。这一切,确立了祖元在日本五山文学史上的地位和影响。

Five Mountains Literature is used collectively to refer to the Chinese poetry and prose written by Japanese or Chinese monks living in Japan during the medieval period from the 13th to 16th centuries. During the rise of Five Mountains Literature, those who mattered most were Chinese Zen monks, among whom Wuxuezuyuan was a representative. He actively participated in the literary guidance and creation and left behind a large number of excellent works. By studying his literary theories and practices, analyzing and researching his works and making a statistical analysis of the proportion of Bukouha students in the numbers of monks and works of Five Mountains Literature, we can know his role and influence in the history of Five Mountains Literature.