秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥运筹对冬小麦产量、农艺性状及氮素利用效率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield,Agronomic Characters and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat with Straw Returning

通过田间试验研究了玉米秸秆全量还田条件下不同的氮肥运筹方式对冬小麦产量、农艺性状及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,T5(基追比3∶7的优化氮磷钾肥)处理拥有最高的理论产量、冬小麦产量和生物量;从氮素收支平衡分析,T5处理的氮素收支差最小,氮素过量引起的环境风险最低;另外,T5处理的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率以及氮肥生理利用率等指标均为最高。综上所述,在本试验条件下,从冬小麦农艺性状、产量、氮素淋溶风险以及氮的利用效率等角度考虑,T5处理是最佳施肥处理,"轻基重追"应该是冬小麦施肥的正确策略。

The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application on the yield,agronomic character and nitrogen utilization efficiency of winter wheat with all the maize stalk returning.The results showed that treatment 5 with the ratio of basal fertilizer to additional fertilizer as 3∶7 had the highest theoretical yield,actual yield and biomass of winter wheat and also the lowest difference of nitrogen income and expenses and the lowest environmental risk caused by nitrogen surplus.In addition,treatment 5 had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency.In one word,under the experiment condition,T5 was the optimal treatment considering about agronomic character and yield of winter wheat,leaching risk and utilization efficiency of nitrogen.Decreasing the basal fertilizer but increasing the additional fertilizer should be the correct strategy for winter wheat fertilization.