地学伦理学:地球科学的人文转向

Geoscience Ethics:Turn of Geoscience Towards Humanism

自然科学的人文转向是现代科学发展的一个重要思潮。作为自然科学的地球科学,在"人类世"地质时代,研究地球的人文社会科学问题,显得更加必要,其中地学伦理研究具有重要意义。因为在地学领域,社会道德责任缺失,地球利益分配存在严重不公正现象,包括社会不公正,环境不公正。这是地球生命受到损害,地球生态系统生态平衡受到破坏,地球资源受到破坏的根源之一。它需要科学的道德原则的指导和制约。地学伦理学,它的主要特征是,道德主体从地学工作者扩展到所有与地学相关的人,它的道德对象从人和社会扩展到生命和整个地球,从现在扩展到未来。因而它是一种生态伦理,即地学生态伦理。它的主要原则是地球利益和责任分配的生态公平正义的原则。它表示不同社会阶层的人,承担了不同的道德责任。在开发和利用地球的活动中,要坚守生态公平正义和保护地球的原则,这是一个道德底线。

The turn of natural sciences towards humanism is an important trend of thought in the development of modern sciences.In a new geologic epoch,it seems more necessary for geoscience,one of the natural sciences,to deal with problems of the earth from the perspectives of the humanities and social sciences.And it is of great significance to study ethics of geoscience.Because of lack or loss of social and moral responsibilities for geoscience,distribution of earthly interest is severely unfair,as reflected in environmental and social injustice,which is one of the root causes why life on the earth has been damaged,ecological balance disrupted and natural resources undermined.It should be guided and restrained by scientific moral rules.Geoscience ethics is characterized by the expansion of moral subjects from geoscience researchers to anyone related to geoscience,the expansion of moral objects from humans and human society to lives and the whole earth and the expansion of time from the present to the future.Therefore,geoscience ethics is regarded as ecological ethics of geoscience,the basic principle of which is impartiality in the distribution of interest and responsibility.This principle indicates that people from different social classes bear different moral responsibilities.The earth should be exploited under the principle of being impartial and protecting the earth,which is a moral bottom line.