版权制度与新媒体技术之间的裂痕与弥补

Inconsistency of Copyright System with New Media's Technology and its Resolution

传统的版权法制度是属于新媒体技术之前的法律制度,其特征是制造稀缺、专家法律制度以及国家主权特征明显。但是新媒体的特征是媒体充裕、消费者多重角色以及作品传播的无国界化。这使得传统的版权法制度与新媒体之间产生了明显的裂痕,这种裂痕的存在导致版权权利人、新媒体与消费者之间产生了严重的紧张与冲突。目前有三种尝试来试图弥补这一裂痕:一是改造新媒体,通过技术手段使新媒体的这三个特征得到消减或者控制;二是修改版权法,使新的版权法适应新媒体环境;三是通过建立新的商业模式,尤其是广泛使用法定许可制度来消弱三者之间的冲突。但是,这三种尝试至今都不是非常成功,因此,如何应对版权法制度与新媒体之间的裂痕还需要进一步研究与观察。

The traditional copyright system set up prior to new media technology is characterized by scarcity,law professionalism and state sovereignty while the new media contains the features of mass media,multiple roles of consumers and non-boundary of information transmission.The difference inevitably leads to some inconsistency between the two and yields serious tension among the copyright holder,new media and consumers.So far,three ways have been attempted to ease the tension： to reform the new media,i.e.,to have its features overshadowed or even lost with technological means;to amend copyright law to make it adaptive to new media environment;and to establish new business models,especially the compulsory license model.Unfortunately,up to now no attempt has showed entirely satisfactory.As such,further study and observation is needed to resolve the contradiction between the copyright law system and the new media.