《劳动合同法》地方指导意见评述——关于劳动争议当事人和劳动关系的认定

Regulations of Local Courts and Arbitral Tribunals to Administer the Labor Contracts Act:Determination of Labor Relations and Proper Parties of Labor Disputes

各地法院和仲裁机构在《劳动合同法》实施后尤其是在全球性金融危机期间出台了各自的司法意见,对《劳动合同法》的相关条文进行了细化和补充,弥补了《劳动合同法》的不足和立法盲点。但是,也存在相当一些有悖于法理和立法法的解释误区,带来了各地司法不统一的混乱。如何认定劳动争议当事人和劳动关系是其中的重要部分,包括不具备合法经营资格及借用营业执照或挂靠的用人单位的用工关系、个人承包经营形成的用工关系、下岗、内退职工与新用人单位建立的关系、招用已达到法定退休年龄的人员所形成的关系以及未签订书面合同的劳动关系适用《劳动合同法》的问题等。因此,应当对地方性司法指导文件进行全面清理,吸收借鉴其合理之处,阐释其存在的误区,并在此基础上完善《劳动合同法》。

Many Regional courts and arbitration tribunals have made directions to specify or supplement the Labor Contracts Act after it coming into force,especially during the global financial crisis,few of which,unfortunately,are not defective if viewed from the angle of jurisprudence and legislative positions and it consequently leads to inconsistency of administration of the Act.Among the exiting problems demarcation of the proper parties of a labor dispute and ascertainment of the labor relations are of greater significance,including the employment relation with the agency held without business qualification but acting merely as an affiliate or on the name of other enterprise,the employment relation with those who have reached the age of retirement specified by law,and the relation with the labors having not signed written labor contract.The local directions and rules should be clarified with their merits preserved and defects corrected,based on which the Labor Contracts Act is to be modified.