小麦条锈病和白粉病成株抗性研究进展与展望

Progress and Perspective in Research of Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew in Wheat

利用成株抗性是小麦抗病育种的重要方向,本文综述了小麦条锈病和白粉病成株抗性鉴定方法、基因定位和克隆及其在育种中的应用。将报道的72个条锈病成株抗性数量性状遗传位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL)和82个白粉病成株抗性QTL整合到一张连锁图谱上,控制2种病害的基因簇(≥5个QTL)有8个,其中位于7DS的Yr18/Lr34/Pm38和1BS的Yr29/Lr46/Pm39对条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病均表现成株抗性,位于4DL的Yr46/Lr67位点可能也对白粉病表现成株抗性,Yr18/Lr34/Pm38和Yr36已被克隆,Yr29/Lr46/Pm39的克隆已取得良好进展,为培育兼抗和成株抗性相结合的品种提供了可用基因。总结了成株抗性在中国小麦育种中的应用现状,并用实例证实了培育成株抗性品种的可行性,建议对兼抗条锈病和白粉病成株抗性的咸农4号和小偃6号等进行遗传分析,育种工作者和品种审定部门需要转变观念,将成株抗性利用作为国内条锈病和白粉病抗性育种的重要内容。

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,and powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,are the devastating diseases in common wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） worldwide.Use of adult-plant resistance（APR） genes is an important method for the development of durable resistant cultivars.A total of 72 quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for APR to stripe rust and 82 QTLs for APR to powdery mildew were integrated into a linkage map based on the information of DNA markers linked to individual QTL.Eight gene clusters（≥5 QTLs） conferred resistance to both stripe rust and powdery powdery,among them,Yr18/Lr34/Pm38,Yr29/Lr46/Pm39,and Yr46/Lr67 showed resistance to stripe rust,leaf rust and powdery mildew.Yr18/Lr34/Pm38 and Yr36 have been cloned.Xiannong 4 and Xiaoyan 6 were very important resistant germplasm for APR to stripe rust and powdery midew.The application of APR to wheat breeding in China was summarized.The use of APR genes will be a major method for improving stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.The strategies for APR on wheat breeding were also discussed.