北方杂交粳稻产量结构和穗部性状的特征分析

Analysis on Yield Component and Panicle Characters of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

以20份产量差异显著的杂交粳稻组合为试材,分析高产杂交粳稻的产量结构和穗部性状特征。结果表明:高产的杂交粳稻组合产量结构优势主要表现在有效穗数多、结实率高、生物产量大;穗部性状优势主要表现在一次枝梗粒数多上。穗数与二次枝梗结实率呈显著正相关;穗粒数与一次枝梗粒数呈显著正相关;结实率与二次枝梗数、二次枝梗粒数呈显著正相关;生物产量与一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗结实率,二次枝梗粒数呈显著正相关;在保证一定穗粒数、生物量大的同时提高有效穗数、结实率、经济系数,有利于促进北方高产杂交粳稻的形成。

To analyze the yield component and panicle characters of high-yield japonica hybrid rice, 20 hybrid japonica rice cultivars with different yield levels were used to study high-yield and its relationship with panicle characteristics and yield component. The results showed that it was advantageous to increase yield by increasing number of panicle, seed setting rate and superiority of biomass, and to improve the panicle characters by increasing grains number at primary branch. There were significant positive correlation between panicle number and seed setting rate at secondary branch, and significant positive correlation between grains per spike and grains number at primary branch. Seed setting rate was significantly correlated with the number of secondary branch and grains number at secondary branch. Biomass was significantly correlated with seed setting rate at primary branch, seed setting rate at secondary branch and grains number at secondary branch. Some measures, including maintaining grain number per spike and superiority of biomass with increasing panicle number, seed setting rate and harvest index, could increase yield of japonica hybrid rice in Northern China.