论民事责任与债

On the Civil Liability and Debt

民事责任与债关系的定位是民法基础理论中的难题之一,也是围绕民事责任所展开的关键性问题。通过梳理近代民法上民事责任与债的"融合"到"分离"形态、现代民法中民事责任与债的"交叉"形态,从两个方面分析了民事责任与债的关系,一方面肯定了民事责任与债在特定阶段上的重合关系,另一方面强调了民事责任不同于债而是具有自身鲜明特征的法律范畴与法律制度。因此,民事责任与债在现代民法中必然以交叉的形态存在,二者在对立统一中共同保护着民事主体的合法利益,治理越轨的民事活动和民事关系,维护和保证民事法律关系的正常运转,保持民法中秩序的良性运作,从而在民法领域中实现正义。

Positioning the relationship between civil liability and debt is only one of the difficulties in the civil law theory,but also the key issue around civil liability.By analyzing the ＂convergence＂ to ＂break＂ form in modern civil law of civil liability debt and modern civil law of civil liability and debt ＂crossover＂form,the paper analyzes the relationship between civil liability and debt from two aspects：on the one hand,affirming the overlap relation between civil responsibilities and liabilities in a particular stage;on the other hand,emphasizing that civil liability belongs to law category and legal system,having it＇s own distinctive characteristics different from the debt.Thus,civil liability and debt must exist in the ＂cross＂form in the modern civil law,both of them protect the legitimate interests of civil subjects as the unity of opposites,mange deviant activities and civil relations maintain and ensure the normal operation of civil legal relations,maintain the healthy functioning of civil law in order to achieve justice in the areas of civil law.