从王国维境界说谈海子之死及诗

On the Death of Haizi and His Poems in the Perspective of Wang Guowei's Life State Theory

纵观海子诗歌及其短暂的一生,不难发现其内在发展的趋势与王国维先生的人生"三种之境界"的第一境、第二境是相符的,这种相符之处可以将王国维的"境界说"概括为一个花瓶来结合分析:第一境为海子开始诗歌创作(1980年)至1985年,从瓶底上升并扩大至瓶腰;第二境为1985年至1989年,继续从瓶腰上升并收缩至瓶颈;王氏的第三境可划分为从瓶颈扩大至瓶口之外,包括天、地、时间和人相融合的一个整体,海子在通过第二境后并没有顺利地从瓶颈展开进入第三境,而是跃入了第三境之外一个不可知的地方——"黑洞",但终其诗歌追求,海子毕生都在向着王国维所言的第三境不断逼近,他所具有的这种长远目光对现代诗歌未来的发展方向有着重要的意义。

A review of Haizi＇s poems and his brief life shows clearly that the developmental trend of his poems corresponds to the first and the second stages of Wang Guowei＇s theory on the ＂three stages in life＂,as is evident in the analysis of corresponding parts by comparing Wang＇s life state theory to a vase.The first state ranges from the start of Haizi＇s verse writing（1980） to 1985,namely from the bottom of the vase to the waist of the vase.The second state is from 1985 to 1989,rising continuously from the waist of the vase and contracting to its neck.The third state extends from the neck of the vase to the outer part of the vase,including the entirety incorporating heaven,earth and time.After he had gotten through the second stage,Haizi failed to enter the third stage from the neck of the vase but got into an unkown place,namely the ＂black hole＂ outside the third stage.However,in his poetic pursuit all over his life,Haizi has incessantly been committed to approaching the third stage as defined by Wang Guowei,and his farsightedness is of great significance for the future development of modern werse.