自我意识:从封闭走向开放——论马克思博士论文对黑格尔思维方式的批判

Self-consciousness: from Closing to Opening

马克思在博士论文中反对黑格尔以绝对理念吞没个体主体的做法,将自我意识从绝对理念的禁锢中解放出来,赋予自我意识以独立和自由,同时马克思的自我意识并没有像黑格尔的绝对理念那样囿于自身,而是超出自身,走向世界,实现"哲学的世界化"和"世界的哲学化"。当然这时的马克思还没有超出黑格尔的论证方式,即理性对现实的统治,但是由于他赋予"感性"以本体论意义,表现了马克思试图从人的感性实践中理解社会历史的运动,正是由于这两个原因马克思打开了黑格尔思维方式的缺口。

Self-consciousness is the soul of Marx＇s doctoral dissertation.Marx rescues the concept＂self-consciousness＂ from the Hegel＇s closed metaphysical system,and endows self-consciousness with independence and freedom.Meanwhile,self-consciousness is not restricted within itself.On the contrary,it exceeds its own limits,and reaches out to the world.Marx does not exceed Hegel＇s way of argumentation,but Marx＇s endowing sensibility with the significance of ontology,indicates that Marx tries understanding the historical movement by the way of sensuous human activity.It is because of the two reasons that Marx opens up a breach in the system of Hegel＇s way of argumentation.