镰仓新佛教之唐宋源流——以净土、禅为中心

Kamakura-New Buddhism's Tang-Song Origin——A Study of the ‘Jodo’ and ‘Zen’

伴随武士阶层的崛起与民众觉醒而逐渐兴起的镰仓新佛教,在长期的中日文化交流过程中深受中国佛教影响。日本净土宗沿袭了唐代净土教"善道流"的血脉;而临济禅与曹洞禅则分别继承了宋代的临济"看话禅"与曹洞"默照禅"的衣钵;日莲宗所使用的汉译佛经也体现出其与汉文化之间的关联。新佛教中传统因素的客观存在虽不置可否,但它与唐宋佛教之间一脉相承的事实,不仅折射出中日两国间深厚的文化互补,同时也是中世日本渴求"新文化"和佛教"庶民化"的必然结果。

The Kamakura-New Buddhism,which rose along with the appearance of the Bushi and the awakening of the public,was deeply affected by the Chinese Buddhism in the civilization comunication.The Jodo-sect of Japan carried forward the ＇ShanDao-school＇ which formed in Tang-Dynasty,and the Zen-sect carried on the ＇Kanhua＇and ＇Mozhao＇ which flourished in Song-Dynasty.The Chinese-translation Sutra which was used by the Nichiren sect also reflected the relevance with China.The factors of traditional Buddist in New-Buddhism is noncommittal,but the same strain between New-Buddhism and Tang-Song Buddhism,relected the mutual cultaral complement between the two countries,and the desire for new civilization and the public Buddhism in the middle ages of Japan.