山核桃投产林林下套种绿肥效应

Effect of interplantation of green manure varieties on yield of hickory forests

为增加山核桃投产林林下植被覆盖度、提高林地水土保持效果,增加土壤肥力,2008—2009年开展了山核桃林下套种1年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、白三叶、红三叶以及紫花苜蓿等5种绿肥,对其生物量、土壤有机质、林下昆虫多样性、果实产量和品质的影响进行研究(清耕为对照)。结果表明:(1)林下套种绿肥显著增加林下植被生物量,以1年生黑麦草效果为好,鲜质量和干质量分别达到55 000和9 420 kg/hm2,套种白三叶使土壤有机质增加了2.3 g/kg;(2)林下套种绿肥有利于增加害虫天敌数量和减少害虫密度,其中主要害虫山核桃蚜虫、山核桃花蕾蛆等害虫密度分别降低了57.14%和36.45%;(3)林下套种绿肥显著提高山核桃产量,套种平均产量为821.55kg/hm2,较对照增加12.46%,套种后果品品质也明显提高;(4)综合评价5种套种绿肥的效果后认为,山核桃林下以套种白三叶、1年生黑麦草和多年生黑麦草较好。

To increase undergrowth vegetation coverage of yielding hickory forests and to improve soil and water conservation and soil fertility,an experiment was conducted to study the effect of interplantation of different green manure varieties,including Lolium multiflorum,L.perenne,Trifolium repens,T.pretense,and Medicago sativa,on the biomass,soil organic matter,diversity of insect,yield and quality of hickory.The results showed that interplantation of green manure varieties significantly increased the biomass of undergrowth vegetation and soil fertility.The fresh weight and dry weight of L.multiflorum was reached to 55 000 and 9 420 kg/hm2,respectively,when it was planted under the hickory forests.Soil organic matter was increased by 2.3 g/kg when Trifolium repens was planted in the forest.Interplantation of green manure varieties was beneficial to increase natural enemies and to decrease pest density,and the densities for Kurisakia sinocaryae and Contarinai sp.were reduced by 57.14% and 36.45%,respectively.Interplantation of green manure significantly increased the yield of hickory,and the average yield of 821.55 kg/hm2 with interplantation of green manure was increased by 12.46% than that under the condition of clean tillage.And the quality was also observed to be improved.Comprehensively,it was suggested that T.repens,L.multiflorum and L.perenne are more suitable to be interplanted under yielding hickory forest.