跳远短程下坡跑起跳练习手段的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Takeoff by Downgrade Shorter Approach Run

运用文献资料法、测力台实验、数理统计法对实验对象在1°、2°、3°、4°坡的短程下坡跑起跳和全程平跑起跳的实验指标(最大冲击力值、起跳时间、蹬伸指数、波谷力值)进行分析比较,得出:4个坡度的短程下坡助跑起跳在针对跳远起跳腿支撑能力的练习中,2°、3°、4°坡的短程下坡助跑起跳训练手段均能达到和全程平跑助跑起跳相当档次的负荷强度,其变化形式是以3°坡为拐点,在3°坡之前逐步加大,在3°坡之后逐步减小;3°坡的实效性相对于其它坡度最为适合,其与全程平跑助跑起跳的素质要求和负荷强度最为接近。

The article,mainly based on Literatur e Method-based Research on Tactics,the force platform measurement and statistic analysis,makes a comparative analysis that carried out on the experimental parameters（the maximum wallop,takeoff time,the time index of extension,the force on the trough） of Slope 1°,2°,3°,and 4° downgrade approach run and the all-length horizontal approach run.The articles also concludes that the load on Slope 2°,3° and 4° all approximate to takeoff load by the all-length horizontal approach run.The load is tuning up following the slope from 1° up to 3°,where Slope 3° is the turning point,and the load on Slope 4° is weaker than that on Slope 3°.The finding will lay a foundation for our knowledge on the takeoff effect by approach run on different slopes.The experiment demonstrates that the optimal training is by Slope 3°,which approximates to the takeoff ability and load requirements by the all-length horizontal approach run.