摘要
[Objective] The paper aimed to determine the fatty acid components and contents,and measure the fractional protein and the amino acid components of Desi chickpea seeds.[Method] The oil of Desi chickpea seeds was extracted from their kernels collected from Xinjiang.The contents and components of fatty acids were tested by GC-MS.The fractional extraction was used to get the proteins of their kernels,and then the content of protein was tested.The amino acid compositions of the proteins were also analyzed.[Result] The fat content of chickpea seeds was as high as up to 18.2%,among which,the unsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid were the major component,accounting for 80% of the total fatty acids;the content of saturated fatty acid was low.The average content of protein was 23.71% in chickpea seeds.Globulin and albumin were the main protein in chickpea seeds,accounting for more than 80% of the total proteins,while glutelin and gliadin contents were low.All the proteins got from chickpea seeds belonged to complete protein,which contained 18 kinds of amino acids.The content of Glu was the highest（15.8%）,and the content of Asp was 10.7%,followed by Arg（9.30%）,Leu（7.56%）,Lys（6.34%）,Phe,Ala,Val and Ile.The contents of Trp,Met and Cys were the least.The chickpea seed was rich in essential amino acids.[Conclusion] The Desi chickpea was a legume crop containing high content of unsaturated fatty acids and rich in amino acids.
[目的]提取新疆产地的迪西型鹰嘴豆的油脂,测定脂肪酸含量及组份,并测定迪西型鹰嘴豆的分级蛋白和蛋白质氨基酸组成。[方法]以新疆产地的迪西型鹰嘴豆为试验材料,提取其种仁油脂。用气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测定粗蛋白和分离蛋白,并对蛋白质中的氨基酸组成进行了分析。[结果]鹰嘴豆中油脂含量高(为18.2%),油脂以不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸为主要成分,占脂肪酸总量80%以上,饱和脂肪酸含量较低。鹰嘴豆中粗蛋白质含量平均为23.71%,以球蛋白和清蛋白为主,占蛋白质总量的80%以上,而谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量比较低。其蛋白质均含18种氨酸酸,属完全蛋白质。谷氨酸含量最高,占蛋白质的15.8%。天冬氨酸含量占10.7%。此外还有精氨酸(9.30%)、亮氨酸(7.56%)和赖氨酸(6.34%),其次为苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸。色氮酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸含量最少。鹰嘴豆中必需氨基酸含量丰富。[结论]新疆迪西型鹰嘴豆是一种不饱和脂肪酸含量很高,氨基酸含量丰富的豆类作物。
