2000-2009年山东省烟台市风疹流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Yantai city in Shandong province,2000-2009

目的了解风疹发病现况,进一步做好控制风疹和先天性风疹综合征(CRS)工作。方法采用流行病学方法,对2000-2009年通过麻疹专报系统得到的风疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2000-2009年烟台市风疹发病398例,年均报告发病率为0.61/10万,发病呈周期性流行,流行周期为4～5年,2002年和2006年是高峰年。每年4-5月为发病高峰月。2001-2005年以<15岁儿童为主,占66.67%,2006-2009年以15～24岁为主,占88.69%。82.41%的暴发疫情发生在学校,15.74%发生在企业。结论风疹流行强度上升,流行范围扩大。东、西部地区交替高发。局部暴发点影响全市的发病水平。实施风疹免疫策略后,发病向大年龄组人群推移,增加了育龄期妇女患风疹的危险性。应尽快完善育龄期风疹疫苗免疫策略,降低易感人群感染风疹的危险性,预防控制风疹暴发,减少CRS的发生。

Objective To understand the incidence trend of rubella in Yantai and provide evidence for the better prevention and control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome（CRS）.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of rubella from 2000 to 2009 reported through the special reporting system of measles.Results Totally 398 rubella cases occurred from 2000 to 2009 with the average annual incidence of 0.61/lakh,rubella epidemic occurred every 4-5 years and the incidences in 2002 and 2006 were high.The incidence peak was during April-May of a year.The disease mainly occurred in children aged〈15 years from 2001 to 2005（66.67%） and in people aged 15-24 years from 2006 to 2009（88.69%）.Up to 82.41% of the outbreaks occurred in schools and 15.74% in enterprises.Conclusion The intensity of rubella epidemic increased and the affected area expanded.The high incidence was observed in eastern area and western area alternately.The overall incidence was influenced by local outbreak.After the implementation of rubella immunization strategy,the people in older age group were more often affected by the disease,which increased the risk of contracting rubella in child bearing aged women.It is necessary to improve the rubella immunization strategy in child bearing period to reduce the risk of rubella in susceptible population,prevent and control rubella outbreak and reduce the incidence of GRS.