某市三所高校新生AIDS知识和态度的现况调查

Cross sectional investigation on knowledge and attitude towards AIDS among freshmen in different universities

目的了解医学院校、师范院校和工科院校大一新生对AIDS防治知识的掌握情况以及对AIDS的态度倾向,为进一步采取相应的教育措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取医学、师范、工科院校新生共5 940名,进行无记名问卷调查并收回问卷5 869份,有效率为98.8%。结果三所院校新生AIDS知识平均得分为(20.58±3.08)分(满分27分),态度平均得分为(9.18±3.02)分(满分14分),三所院校新生AIDS知识得分与态度得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。学生对AIDS三大传播途径和多数非传播途径知晓率均在80%以上,但对蚊虫叮咬不能传播AIDS知晓率只有30%左右。除共用注射器、输入被污染的血液以及怀孕、分娩期间母婴传播能感染AIDS病毒外,其他各项知识三所学校间知晓率差异均有统计学意义。90%以上的学生认为AIDS病人或感染者值得同情和帮助,且大多数学生表示愿意与其有一些诸如握手、共用劳动工具等的日常接触,但仍有30%左右的人认为他们应该被隔离。各项态度除对感染了艾滋病病毒同学态度差异无统计学意义,其他各项三所院校新生间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同院校学生的AIDS知识掌握情况和态度倾向差异有统计学意义,应根据不同院校学生对AIDS知识的需求,结合他们自身专业特点,采取更有针对性的AIDS健康教育。

Objective To find out the status of the knowledge and attitude on AIDS among the freshmen from medical college,normal university and the university of technology and science for seeking to approach the health education of AIDS.Methods Using cluster sampling methods,5 940 students that from medical college,normal university and the university of technology and science were recruited to finish the self-response questionnaires anonymously.Results The average scores of AIDS-related knowledge and attitude in the three colleges were 20.58±3.08（Full marks is 27） and 9.18±3.02（Full marks is 14） respectively,the three groups had statistically significant differences（P〈0.001）.More than 80% of the freshmen in the three schools had a good knowledge on AIDS spreading,while only more than 30% students knew the mosquito biting can not spread AIDS.In addition to sharing syringes,the importation of contaminated blood and pregnant mother can infect AIDS virus to her child during childbirth,the rate of right answer to other questions among the three schools also had statistically significant differences.More than 90% students considered that the AIDS patients or people infected with AIDS deserved sympathy and help,and most of the students were willing to shaking hands and sharing work tools with them,but there were still about 30% of the students thinking that they should be isolated.In addition to the attitude that towards the schoolmates were not significant,other differences among the three groups had statistical significance（P〈0.05）.Conclusions Freshmen from different university have statistically significant differences in AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes.Health education on AIDS that based on the students＇ professional features should be carried out to satisfy their needs.