15年间17893例孕妇产前常规超声检查对胎儿畸形的检测结果与分析

The result and analysis of the normal antepartum ultrasonic examination of fetal deformation of 17893 cases collected for 15 years.

本文为回顾性研究，对１９８２ 年１ 月至１９９６ 年１２ 月，１５ 年间共计１７８９３ 例孕妇产前常规超声检查中胎儿畸形的发生情况进行分析。检测对象为孕１６ 至４２ 周孕妇， 按产科中、晚期妊娠超声检查常规，记录检查结果，随访分娩情况。结果：正常胎儿１７６８３ 例，畸形胎儿２１０ 例。畸形胎儿发生率１１．７４‰，中枢神经系统畸形１６７ 例，占全部胎儿畸形的７９．５％ ，其它畸形４３ 例，占２０ ．５％ 。中枢神经系统畸形以神经管缺陷为最多，包括无脑畸形、开放性脊椎裂脊膜膨出，脑积水三个主要临床类型。结论：超声检查对胎儿畸形的检测有着不可替代的重要作用。在所有胎儿畸形中，中枢神经系统畸形最为严重，发生率最高，通过超声检查早期诊断采取相应的干预措施是完全可以做到的。

This study reviewed and analysed the incidence situation of the fetal deformation by normal ultrasonic examination from 17893 cases.Sixteen to forty?two weeks′ gravida were detected.From January,1982 to Dectember,1996,17893 cases were reseached.According to examination of obstetric different stage pregnant,records of the experiment and followup survey on the situation of dilivery,the results were:normal fetues was 17683,terata was 210.The incidence rate of terata was 11.74%.The deformation number of central nervous system was 167 occupied 79.5% in the total number of the deformation.Other deformation occupied 20.5%.Most of central nervous system deformation were neural tube defect,mostly including:Anencephalia,Open Spina Bifida Meningocele,Hydrocephalus.Conclusion:the role of ultrasonic examination o fetal deformation is very important.In the whole fetal deformation,the central nervous system deformation was the most important and its incidence rate was highest.So it is completely possible to adopt certain means to reference by ultrasonic examination of early stage diagnosis.