超精密飞切加工机床刀盘结构分析与优化

Structure Analysis and Optimization about Cutting Head of Ultra-precision Fly-cutting Machine

飞刀切削是一种重要的超精密加工手段,机床采用大刀盘可以飞切加工大口径平面元件,比之车削方式具有一定优势,但直径变大后,刀盘外侧在旋转时的加速度随之增大,并使刀盘产生变形,影响机床加工精度。文中通过有限元仿真,计算了某型机床上大刀盘在不同转速下的变形关系,以及这种变形对飞切加工表面的影响,并设计实验对仿真结果进行了验证。最终,针对大刀盘变形的影响原因,进行刀盘结构分析与优化,提出刀盘结构的改进方案,可以大幅度抑制刀盘变形,提高机床加工精度。

Fly-cutting is an important ultra-precision processing method,large diameter optical workpiece can be processed by the machine tool with big cutting head,it has kinds of benefits compared with turning processing.But the acceleration of edge of cutting head would be increased with larger diameter,and make the cutting head deformation,therefore restrain the machining accuracy.In this paper,the relationship between rotation speed and cutting head deformation was calculated through the finite element simulation,also the influence of the deformation in the machined surface was analyzed,the simulation model was validated by experiments.Finally,the cutting head structure was analyzed and optimized according to the deformation reason,and improved structure which can significantly minish the deformation was proposed.