中国非物质文化遗产传统体育与竞技的知识产权保护

The Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Sports and Athletics as a Part of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

作为非物质文化遗产重要组成部分的传统体育与竞技,通过知识产权保护寻求传承已成为当今传统体育文化发展的热点与难点。然而,非物质文化遗产的具体内涵在其表征上与传统的知识产权客体存在较大的差异,现行的知识产权制度保护传统体育与竞技存在一定的困难,但是,在宏观框架下,非物质文化遗产保护机制和知识产权制度又存在适度兼容。因此,在二者兼容下,我国传统体育与竞技的知识产权保护对策为:建立传统体育与竞技的登记建档制度和集中管理制度;延长传统体育与竞技的保护期限;保障区域群体对传统体育与竞技的使用收益权和建立传统体育与竞技的"事前知情同意"与"利益分享"制度。

As an important part of intangible cultural heritage,the protection of traditional sports and athletics by intellectual property has became a hot but also a difficult point.However,because of the difference between the surface features of intellectual property and the object of traditional sports,it is hard to protect traditional sports and athletics by the existing protection systems of intellectual property.However,under the macroscopic frame,it is moderate compatible between the protection mechanism of intangible cultural heritage and the system of intellectual property.In that case,therefore,the countermeasures of intellectual property protection of traditional sports and athletics are：creating archivist files for the traditional sports and athletics and centralized management;prolonging the term of protection of traditional sports and athletics;protecting the right of regional groups to use and collect benefits of traditional sports and athletics;building the systems of ＂ informed consent ＂ and ＂benefit sharing ＂.