全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

Dynamic Analysis on Urban and Rural Students' Body Constitution in 20 Years

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果:(1)近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;(2)城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;(3)乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;(4)城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。

Based on the investigation and survey of Chinese students＇ body constitution in 1985,1995 and 2005,this paper systematically and quantitatively studied the body formations,functions and physical qualities of urban and rural students,and then it analysed the characteristics and disciplines of urban and rural students＇s body constitution in 20 years.The study result reflected that：（1）in the past 20 years,urban and rural students continuously developed ahead of time.The body formation of rural students was better than urban students.There was a minor gap of height but a large gap of weight and chest measurement.（2）rural students＇ vital capacity was better than urban＇s.Both of the urban and rural students＇ vital capacities steady declined during the recent 20 years.Vital capacity of rural students declined faster in first ten years while urban students declined faster in last ten years.（3）rural students＇ level of 800m and 1000m run was higher than that of urban.The level of urban female＇s 50m run and sit-ups was higher than rural＇s.Other physical quality waved up and down for urban and rural students.（4）female 50m run of urban students showed steady decline in recent 20 years.Rural and urban students＇ 800m and 1000m run showed accelerated decline as well as rural students＇ 50m8 shuttle run.Other physical qualities had extremely unstable development in recent 20 years.