简·奥斯汀三部小说中女主人公形象的解读

Mather-surrogate——An Interpretation of the Images of Heroines in Jane Austen's Three Masterpieces

运用弗洛伊德精神分析理论解读奥斯汀三部代表作《理智与情感》、《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》中女主人公的形象,试图找到奥斯汀塑造人物的动机。奥斯汀的心中存在着恋父情结,在这种恋父情结的驱使下,奥斯汀将三部小说中的女主人公塑造成母亲的替代者。《理智与情感》中的爱丽诺和玛丽安分别是现实意义和象征意义上母亲的替代者;《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白则在感情意义上完成了对母亲的替代;而爱玛则集这三位为一体,是现实意义、象征意义和感情意义上母亲的替代者,从而实现了对母亲全面彻底地替代,完美地满足了奥斯汀的恋父情结。

Based on Sigmund Freud＇s psychoanalytic theories on Electra complex and the connection between the daydreaming and the act of writing,this paper makes an in-depth interpretation of the images of heroines in Jane Austen＇s three representative works： Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice and Emma.The paper reveals the fact that Jane Austen is haunted by Electra complex.As a result,driven by EC,Austen makes the heroines the mother surrogates.In Sense and Sensibility,Elinor is the mother surrogate in effect and Marianne is the symbolic mother substitute.In Pride and Prejudice,Elizabeth emotionally substitutes the mother.And in Emma,the heroine is made by Austen the mother surrogate in real,emotional and symbolic meaning.Hence,Emma is a complete mother surrogate.And through those heroines,especially through Emma,Austen gets her EC fully and perfectly satisfied.