中共与二十世纪二十年代的商人运动

The CPC and the Merchant Movement in the 1920s

商人运动是大革命时期国共两党为从事国民革命而开展的一种民众运动。中共开展商人运动有间接与直接两种方式,一是以个人身份加入国民党的中共党员帮助国民党开展商人运动;二是中共独自主导了部分地区的商人运动。中共主导的商人运动在不同地区呈现不同的特点,有的是为了反击国民党右派,以增加国民党左派力量;有的则主要是为了增强自身的力量,以配合日益高涨的工农运动等。国共两党推行商人运动的基本方略大体一致,但两者在商人运动的对象、地位与作用的认识方面还有差异。开展中共与商人运动的研究,对于理解20世纪20年代中共的商人政策,理解此后中共对商人政策转向的原因,具有重要的意义。

The merchant movement was a mass movement launched by the KMT and the CPC during the Great Revolution for the success of national revolution. The CPC carried out the merchant movement in two ways. One was in an indirect way, that is, members of the CPC who joined the KMT in their personal capacity helped the KMT carry out the merchant movement; the other was in a direct way, that is, the CPC led the movement independently in some parts of the country. The merchant movement led by the CPC demonstrated different characteristics in different areas ： in some areas the movement aimed at counterattacking the right-wing of the KMT in order to strengthen the Left forces of the KMT while in other areas for the purpose of increasing its own strength and cooperating with the increasingly rising worker-peasant movement. The two parties were the same in their basic principles for promoting the merchant movement, but differences existed between them in their understanding of the objects, status and role of this movement. Research on the CPC and the merchant movement is of great significance for getting an insight into the CPC＇ s policy towards merchants in the 1920s and the shift of this policy later.