女性批评与批评女性——清代闺秀的诗论

Women's Criticism and Criticize Women——Lady's Poetics in Qing Dynasty

清代闺秀的诗论,是中国文学批评史研究的一个盲点。而女性诗论和论女性诗,是清代文学批评富有特色的新内容。此期女性在明清思潮的影响下,采用重释儒家文化的策略,突破"女子无才便是德"观念的束缚,确证闺秀诗歌的合法性,张扬女子创作的积极意义。而我们也应看到,清代女性诗论的一个独特现象,是依然羁縻于"四德"之下,以"德"正"才",敛"才"以合"德";论诗高标合乎"风人之旨"、"温柔敦厚"等原则,尊奉儒家诗教,体现出比男性论者更为严格的道德自律性。尽管一些女性论者参与了清代主流诗学关于"性灵"和"学问"等核心问题的讨论,但较为普遍地存在着对"脂粉气"的有意规避,体现出在主流诗学中,女性的身份特征是遭否定的,女性论者的意识中也存在自我身份否定的现象。在晚近时期,这一现象出现转机。

Women＇s poetics in Qing Dynasty is one of the blind spots in the study field of Chinese ancient literary theory. But actually, it is a new important development in the history of Chinese ancient literary theory. Influenced by the new thoughts, some women critics reexplained the Confucious culture on woman literature, broke through the spiritual imprison that limited women＇s literary talents, legitimated the women＇s writing. Yet they could not thoroughly give up the severe conventional morality, their poetics showed the high moral self-diseiline, avoided revealing their special gender identity in their poetry. Some women critics participated in the discussions on the basic poetic ideas,and made some changes in women poetics in late Qing Dynasty.