文心兰切花采后冷藏保鲜技术研究

Cold Fresh-Keeping Technologies for Cut Flowers of Oncidium

以文心兰切花品种‘黄金3代’(Oncidium Gower Ramsey‘Gold 3’)鲜切花为研究材料,分析了其分别经7、9、11、13、15和17℃冷藏处理7 d后的鲜切花花苞冻伤率、花苞开放率、花朵老化率及瓶插寿命的影响,以期筛选出文心兰鲜切花最佳冷藏温度。在此基础上,探讨了文心兰鲜切花经最佳冷藏温度处理后的水分平衡值、可溶性总糖含量和MDA含量等一系列生理性状与瓶插寿命的关系。结果表明:11℃为文心兰鲜切花的最佳冷藏温度,经此温度处理7 d的冷藏期,花苞无冻害,花朵的老化率较低;而瓶插期的花苞开放率平均为30.92%;与常温对照相比,鲜切花的水分平衡值和可溶性总糖含量的下降相对缓慢,MDA含量的上升较慢,瓶插寿命延长6 d左右。文心兰鲜切花瓶插寿命与其水分平衡值、可溶性总糖含量和MDA含量密切相关。

The fresh cut flowers of the 3rd generation of Oncidium Gower Ramsey ＇Gold 3＇ were here used as the research materials and the effects of cold treatment on the rate of bud frostbite, bud opening, flower aging and vase life of the cut flowers at different temperature of 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 ℃ for 7 d were studied in order to obtain the best cold treatment temperature of postharvest cut flowers of Oncidium. On this basis, a series of physiological and biochemical changes including those of water balance value rate, total soluble sugar content and MDA content of the fresh cut flowers treated at the best cold temperature after 7 d were determined, and these changes and the relationship between the vase life of the fresh cut flowers were also analyzed. The results showed that the best cold treatment temperature of postharvest cut flowers of Oncidium was 11 ℃, and the bud without frostbite and rate of flower aging was lower at 11℃ for 7 d cold treatment, and the average rate of bud opening was 50.92% in the flower vase period. The water balance value rate and total soluble sugar content of the fresh cut flowers were slowly decreased. The MDA content of the fresh cut flowers was slowly increased. The vase life extended 6 d compared with the control. It was indicted that the vase life of postharvest cut flowers of Oncidium was correlated well with water balance value, total soluble sugar content and MDA content.