不同灌水方式下干旱区盐碱地土壤水盐运移特征分析

Effect of irrigation methods on movement of soil water and salt in arid area

采用滴灌、漫灌和沟灌的灌溉方式,分析了新疆干旱区典型盐碱地灌水前后土壤水分、盐分时间和空间运移规律。结果表明,滴灌后表层土壤含水量水平差异较沟灌、漫灌大;滴灌形成近倒圆锥型的土壤湿润区,沟灌则形成近似U型的土壤湿润区;滴灌在湿润层外围形成盐壳,沟灌的沟顶部分在返盐的作用下形成积盐,漫灌总体压盐效果较滴灌和沟灌好;与沟灌和漫灌相比,滴灌是最节水的,局部压盐效果较好的灌水方式。

Drip irrigation,flood irrigation and furrow irrigation were used to analyze the soil water and salt movements in time and space in arid area of Xinjiang,China.The results showed that the variation of water content in surface soil after drip irrigation was larger than that of flood and furrow irrigation.A half-conical humid area around periphery was formed under drip irrigation,a U humid area around periphery was formed under furrow irrigation;salty shell around periphery was formed under drip irrigation,in the furrow irrigated area,amassed salt was formed on the top of the furrow because of the salt return effect.Downward movement of the salt was the best under flood irrigation,meanwhile the drip irrigation was the best in saving water and restraining partly the movement of salt.