兴凯湖流域农业非点源污染关键源区识别与防治对策研究

Study on agricultural non-point source pollution critical source area identification and control measures in Xingkai watershed

采用污染指数法,在RS及GIS技术支持下,实现兴凯湖流域农业非点源关键源区识别。研究结果表明,高污染风险区即关键源区主要集中在知一镇、白泡子乡、兴凯湖乡和柳毛乡4乡镇接壤地区及杨木乡西南部,其原因是坡耕地范围广,易发生水土流失,且畜禽养殖污染及化肥污染严重,在强降雨条件下对湖泊易造成高污染威胁;中度污染风险面积占研究区大部,主要由畜禽养殖污染及化肥污染造成;低污染风险主要集中在八五七农场南部及兴凯湖农场大部,该区域地势平坦低洼,是其他区域污染的汇集区,在强降雨径流条件下,对湖泊仍存在潜在污染威胁。RS及GIS技术提高污染指数模型计算精度,使模型更符合区域非点源污染发生及迁移规律,可以更好满足农业非点源污染治理及水环境规划需要。

The paper achieved identifying the agricultural non-point source pollution critical source area in Xingkaihu watershed using pollution index method with the help of RS and GIS.The conclusion was as follows：① The high pollution risk area mainly clustered in the border of ZhiYi,Baipaozi,Xingkaihu and Liumao County and the westsouth area of Yangmu County,and the serious soil erosion and high livestock pollution and fertilizer pollution took the main responsibility.②The moderate pollution risk distributed in most of the study area and the high livestock pollution and fertilizer pollution were the reasons.③The low pollution area located in the south of 857 Farm and the most of Xingkaihu Farm.The terrain there was quite low and it was the pool from the surrounding area.So it would still pollute the lake under the heavy rain.In the end,it could be drew out that RS and GIS could improve the pollution index model accuracy,and make the model bitterly meet the pollution occurrence Meanwhile,and migration law and the result more perfectly satisfy the need of agricultural non-point source pollution control and water protection plan.