从万叶恋歌漫谈日本古代的婚姻制度之访妻婚

On the Visiting Marriage of Ancient Japan from the Perspective of Love Songs in "The Collection of Leaves"

婚姻是人类自身生产关系的一种表现。当人类迈出动物界门槛,开始社会生活的同时,就开始对自身繁衍的婚姻形式逐渐形成种种社会规范和禁忌。而且在不同的历史阶段、不同的民族和地区,婚姻形态又制约和规定着不同的血缘集团结构,并与一定的血缘集团形态相对应。因此,婚姻不仅具有生物学的意义,而且还具有文化人类学和历史学的意义。在日本,平安时代贵族婚姻门第等级观念的主导作用下实行访妻婚的婚姻形式,严重地影响日本贵族的婚姻观,而访妻婚成为了日本婚姻制度中一种独特的现象。

Marriage is a manifestation of humanistic relations of production. When getting out of the kingdom of the animal and becoming a human community, taboos and social norms of matrimony were established. Besides, the marriage norms also restrict and regulate the structure of different groups of blood relationship in different histor- ical stages and various nations or areas. And they also correspond to a certain group of blood relation. Therefore, marriage not only has the biological purport but also anthropological and historical significance. In Japan, however, the marriage form of the visiting marriage was adopted under the dominance of the aristocratic class marriage ideolo- gy in Heian Period, which had great influence on the marriage concept of Japanese aristocracy. What＇ s more, the Visiting Marriage became a unique phenomenon in Japanese system