贵州矮马血清蛋白的多态性研究

Study on Polymorphism of the Serum Proteins in Guizhou Pony

以西南马为对照,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对31匹贵州矮马的转铁蛋白(TF)、白蛋白(Alb)、α1-B糖蛋白(AlB)3种血清蛋白进行了多态性研究。结果表明,AlB位点呈现单态,TF、Alb蛋白位点均表现出不同程度的多态性。Alb位点共发现6种蛋白型,对应3个等位基因,贵州矮马Alb位点的基因频率分别为A(0.2097)、B(0.5645)、C(0.2258);TF位点共发现8种蛋白型对应5个等位基因,贵州矮马TF位点的基因频率分别为A(0.0484)、B(0.5806)、C(0.1129)、D(0.1452)、E(0.1129)。Alb、TF位点的多态信息含量(PIC)和遗传杂合度均较大,说明贵州矮马的遗传多样性较高,具有较大的选育空间。但是贵州矮马在白蛋白及转铁蛋白位点的杂合度均低于西南马,说明在相对闭锁的环境中生存的贵州矮马,保持了较为纯净的原始基因库。贵州矮马的Alb和TF的个体识别率及累积非父排除率均较高,提示这两个蛋白的多态性可应用于贵州矮马的谱系鉴定和个体鉴别。

Polymorphism of the serum proteins for the pony in Guizhou province was carried out by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（native-PAGE）.Based on the band types of three proteins on native-PAGE,the protein variant types and its gene allele frequency were compared among albumin（Alb）,α1-B glycoprotein（AlB） and transferring（TF） proteins.Both of the Alb and TF loci,except for AlB,showed polymorphisms.Six protein variants were found from the Alb protein of Guizhou pony and Southwest horse,which corresponded to three alleles of A,B and C.Gene frequencies of Alb loci in Guizhou pony were A（0.2097）,B（0.5645） and C（0.2258）,respectively.Seven variant types were found in the TF protein from Guizhou pony,which was controlled by five gene alleles（A,B,C,D and E）.Gene frequencies of TF in Guizhou pony were A（0.0484）,B（0.5806）,C（0.1129）,D（0.1452） and E（0.1129）,respectively.The polymorphism information content（PIC） and heterozygosis（H） were higher at Alb and TF loci compared with other Chinese ponies and horses.Furthermore,the power of discrimination（DP） and probability of exclusion（PE） in Guizhou pony were higher than others.It suggested that the genetic diversity of Guizhou pony was higher and both of Alb and TF protein polymorphism might be used to identify parentage and individuals of Guizhou pony from each other,and lower heterozygosis of Guizhou pony implied a higher gene purity of Guizhou pony.