拆解虚构——论纳博科夫的元小说创作

Disconnect Figment—On Nabokov’s Metafiction

纳博科夫早在二十世纪三十年代就采用了元小说的创作模式,拆解叙述世界的虚构性,关注叙述本身,通过反讽、戏仿等手法达到对文学文本和生活本身的嘲弄。《绝望》是他元小说创作的初啼之声,纳博科夫在这部作品中已经开始展示他对虚构进行拆解的技巧。而《微暗的火》则以复杂的多重戏仿、不可靠叙述等叙事艺术,成为元小说的典范文本。元小说给予人们一种全新的阅读经验,既是对读者阅读习惯的挑战,也是对传统叙事理论的挑战,是小说在二十世纪的新发展。

As early as in the 30＇ s of the twentieth century, Nabokov has written many metafictions. He disconnected the figment of narrated works so as to pay attention to narrating itself. He derided the literary texts and our life itself by irony and parody. In fact, it, which is metafiction, tried to find a new connection for novel and reality, writing and comment so as to establish a new structure of narrative. It gives readers a new reading experience as compared with traditional novels. That challenges to the reading habit and the traditional theory of narrative. It is a new development in the 20th century.