北京老山汉墓植物遗存及相关问题分析

本文主要依据2001年北京老山汉墓中出土的植物遗存(果实、种子)的鉴定,提出在西汉时期的燕国(北京)食用和种植的旱生农作物为黍、粟、大豆和大麻,至少在当时小麦和水稻并未成为先民们的经济生活中的重要组成。参考墓中"黄肠题凑"用材属种和地处西山前缘,其时段大致可以对应的颐和园昆明湖底沉积物中较高时间分辨率的孢粉分析、炭屑资料的统计,可以大体得知,在西汉时期的北京西山地区的自然植被虽遭到砍伐或火烧(薪柴)的人为性影响,但就总体上看,当时西山地区仍覆盖着主要由栎、椴、梣、栗、胡桃、榆、朴等组成的暖温带落叶阔叶林和油松林,当时的历史气候应是北京地区3000年以来最为温暖和湿润的气候期,在山前湿地(湖泊、沼泽)发育,水生植物丰富。因此,本文资料有助于讨论北京地区自然环境的变化和人为活动的影响。

The paper is based on the morphological identification of remains plants （fruits and seeds） collected in 2001 from Laoshan tomb of Han Dynasty in Beijing. It also refers to the morphological anatomy and dendrochronological analysis of excavated woods of ＂Huangchangticou＂ （黄肠题凑） in the tomb and the characteristics of pollen assemblages during the corresponding Qinhan period from the sediments of the Kun- ming Lake in Summer Palace of the Xishan mountain. We propose that the natural vegetation consist of warm temperature deciduous broad - leaved forest and pine forest. At the same time, historical climate of Beijing in the Han Dynasty is warm and humid. 4 kinds of cereals plants have been cultivated, including Panicum milia- ceum, Triticum aestium, Glycine max and Cannabis sativa. Accordingly, our study contributes to the recon- struction of historical vegetation, environment and ancient people economic life of Western Han Dynasty in Beijing.