民用客机客舱布置应急撤离影响因素仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Civil Aircraft Emergency Evacuation Impact Factor

为提高民用客机应急撤离的可靠性,并弥补实际撤离试验的缺陷,分别对影响民用客机应急撤离的过道宽度,出口处过道宽度,出口打开时间,出口位置,出口数量等主要因素进行分析,提出基于元胞自动机和多智能体相结合的算法对民用客机应急撤离影响因素进行仿真分析,获得影响客舱安全性的设计因素及其规律。算法利用微观离散网格描述民用客机客舱布置方案,使用多智能体技术考虑旅客不同属性对撤离过程的动态影响,采用并行更新机制对撤离过程进行仿真。结果表明,分散的可用出口位置与集中的可用出口位置相比,撤离效率更高,并证明为民用客机设计提供参考依据,保证了客机安全性。

In order to improve the reliability of the emergency evacuation for civil aircraft and overcome the limitations of experiment study,the emergency evacuation for civil aircraft is simulated and analyzed through a microcosmic discrete evacuation model based on Cellular Automata（CA） and Multi Agent Systems（MAS）.The factors that affect the emergency evacuation and their disciplines are acquired by the model.The cabin layout is represented by microcosmic discrete grids,while the individual characteristics are represented by MAS,and the process of evacuation is simulated through parallel update schemes.The factors including aisle width,exit aperture width,exit open time,available exit position and number are analyzed.The results are as follows： when the passengers evacuate in good order,the evacuation efficiency increases with the increase of aisle width,but when reaching a special value,the efficiency will decrease because of the distance affection,then the aisle width has its optimized value;the exit aperture width and the exit open time do not affect the efficiency obviously;the number of available exits affects the efficiency at an exponential rate;dispersive exit position has better efficiency than centralized positions.The results reveal that the rule of the factors affecting the evacuation is complicated.