高粱DNA导入小麦“周麦16”引起后代变异的研究及SSR分析

Study and SSR Analysis on Descendant Variation Induced by Introducing Broomcorn DNA into the Wheat "Zhoumai16"

[目的]将高粱DNA导入"周麦16"选育新的冬小麦变异种质系。[方法]将高粱"抗5"DNA通过花粉管通道导入小麦品种"周麦16",对变异后代系统选择稳定的变异种质系,并对得到的稳定变异株系进行SSR分子标记检测。[结果]将高粱"抗5"DNA导入"周麦16",其后代在株高、叶片蜡质层、芒型、穗型、旗叶、成熟期等几个方面发生大量变异。通过对变异后代系统选择得到稳定的变异种质系D16-1、D16-4等,对"周麦16"、D16-1、D16-4、高粱"抗5"基因组DNA的引物xgwm6、xgwm148、xgwm295、xgwm328、xgwm257检测出了较丰富的多态性DNA片段,其中xgwm6、xgwm257检出了高粱"抗5"DNA特有而"周麦16"没有的特异带型,进一步说明了D16-1、D16-4是由高粱"抗5"DNA片段嵌入"周麦16"基因组DNA变异而来。[结论]利用外源DNA导入技术可实现小麦远缘、超远缘遗传物质的转移,极大地丰富了小麦遗传的物质基础,为创造新的突破性的种质资源材料开辟了有效途径。

[Objective] The broomcorn DNA was introduced into Zhoumai16 to breed new variant germplasm lines of winter wheat.[Method] The DNA of broomcorn ＂Kang5＂ was introduced into the wheat variety ＂Zhoumai16＂ through pollen-tube pathway,the stable variant germplasm lines were selected out from variant descendants and the SSR molecular mark detection was performed on the selected stable variant lines.[Result] After the DNA of broomcorn ＂Kang5＂ was introduced into ＂Zhoumai16＂,its descendants showed numerous variations in aspects of plant height,wax layer of leaf,awn type,ear type,flag leaf and mature period.The stable variant germplasm lines including D16-1 and D16-4 were obtained through systematic selection of variant descendants.The relatively rich polymorphism DNA segments were detected out from xgwm6,xgwm148,xgwm295,xgwm328 and xgwm257,which were primers of genome DNA of ＂Zhoumai16＂,D16-1,D16-4 and broomcorn ＂Kang5＂.Among them,the peculiar band types of broomcorn ＂Kang5＂ were detected out from xgwm6 and xgwm257.It was further proved that D16-1 and D16-4 were the mutants of ＂Zhoumai16＂ and this variation was induced by introducing the DNA segments of broomcorn ＂Kang5＂ into its genome DNA.[Conclusion] The transfer of distant related and super distant related genetic material of wheat could be realized using the intorduction technique of exogenous DNA.This enriched the genetic material base of wheat enormously and developed an effective approach for creating novel germplasm resource materials.