鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼资源变迁及其原因初探

Preliminary Investigation on the Changes of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus Resources in Poyang Lake and Its Causes

[目的]保护和合理开发利用鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼资源。[方法]在分析1959-2006年鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼资源数据的基础上,分析近50年鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼资源变迁情况,并初步探讨了该变化的发生原因及相关应对措施。[结果]50来鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼虽成为优势种群,但其个体越来越小,性成熟年龄也越来越小,资源呈现出严重衰退状况。其原因主要是由于鄱阳湖枯水期水位过低,水质污染,加上过度捕捞以及非法渔具渔法的滥用等方面引起的。[结论]应明确鄱阳湖鲤、鲫鱼产卵场的范围,严格控制鄱阳湖流域工业污水、城市污水以及农业面污染源的直接排放。

[Objective] The research aimed to protect and exploit reasonably the resources of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus in Poyang Lake.[Method] Based on analyzing the data of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus resources in Poyang Lake from 1959 to 2006,the change situations of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus resources in Poyang Lake in nearly 50 years were studied.The causes of the changes were preliminarily investigated and some relevant measures were put forward.[Result] The individual size and age of sexual maturity had gotten smaller and smaller,although Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus have become the dominant population in Poyang Lake in the past fifty years.The resources showed the severe recession conditions.The causes were mainly due to low water level of Poyang Lake in dry season,water pollution,and over-fishing and illegal fishing gear and methods and other aspects.[Conclusion] The range of egg-laying field of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus in Poyang Lake should be confirmed.And the direct discharge of industrial sewage,municipal sewage and agricultural non-point pollution in the basin of Poyang Lake should be strictly controlled.