中外生态补偿机制比较研究

Sino-foreign comparative study of ecological compensation mechanism

作为环境保护的有效手段,国内外都非常重视对生态补偿问题的研究。生态补偿在国外通常称为生态服务付费。此项研究国外许多国家都比国内要早。国内的生态补偿与国外的生态服务付费存在一定的区别。在对它的定义方面,国外有非常严格的界定,而国内的定义不是很明确。在项目的设计方面,国外侧重于市场原则导向,因而项目实施的效率高;国内则多属于政府购买行为,项目实施的效率比较低。国外的补偿主体是多元公的,既有政府参与,也有企业或者受益者参与。从付费标准来看,国外多数考虑生态服务提供者的支出成本,而国内的补偿标准比较模糊。从支付方式来看,国外多数为现金支付,国内则有现金、实物以及优惠政策等多种方式。在比较国内外生态补偿项目运行机制的基础上,提出我国实行生态补偿政策的建议。

As effective means for environmental protection,home and abroad have attached great importance to ecological compensation for research.Ecological compensation in foreign countries are usually called ecological service fee.The study abroad in many countries is earlier than at home.Domestic ecological compensation is different from payment abroad of ecosystem services.To its definition,abroad have very strict definition,domestic definition is not very clear.In project design,foreign focused on market orientation,thus the principle having high efficiency of the project implementation,domestic much belongs to the government purchasing behavior,with low efficiency of the project implementation.Foreign compensation subject is multivariate male,not only government involves,but also having enterprise or beneficiaries participation.From pay standards,foreign most consider ecological service provider of the costs,but domestic compensation standard is vague.Judging from the way of payment,overseas most for cash payments,domestic are many kinds of ways,including cash,physical and preferential policy etc.On the basis of comparing the sino-foreign ecological compensation program operation mechanism,our country＇s policy suggestions of implementation of ecological compensation were put forward.