震后12个月都江堰地区青少年焦虑性情绪变化及影响因素的追踪研究

Changes of Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders and Correlates among Adolescents 12 Months After Exposed to Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:追踪研究汶川地震12个月后都江堰地区青少年焦虑性情绪的变化,并探究变化的影响因素。方法:选取都江堰市区规模较大、生源来自城镇和农村的初中和高中各一所,整群抽取7-10年级学生2250人,在震后6个月和12个月用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表(SCARED)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、青少年社会支持量表(SSRS-CA),自编一般人口学及地震暴露情况调查表进行调查。结果:都江堰地区青少年焦虑性情绪障碍两次测评的检出率分别为40.9%、42.7%,两次焦虑性情绪的总分差异不显著。年龄较大(>14岁)、居住在农村、母亲文化程度较低(初中及以下)的青少年具有较高的焦虑性情绪,且随时间变化相对稳定。灾后继发的负性生活事件和社会支持对焦虑性情绪有显著预测作用。结论:减少继发的负性生活事件和提供有效社会支持有利于其焦虑性情绪的降低。

Objective： To explore the longitudinal changes and correlates of anxiety and related emotional disorders among adolescents in Dujiangyan 6 months and 12 months after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Methods： 2250 students（893 from grade 7-9,1357 from grade 10） from two middle schools with large number of enrollments from both rural and urban areas were selected,and were sampled to fill out the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders,the Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist,Social Support Rating Scale for Children and Adolescents and general demographics and earthquake exposure questionnaires.Results： The detectable rates of anxiety and related emotional disorders in 6 months and 12 months after 2008 Wenchuan were 40.9%,42.7% respectively;The total scores of anxiety and related emotional disorders had no significant difference between two surveys;adolescents of 14 to 17 years old,from rural areas,and with lower mother＇s educational level（≤8 years） had higher initial anxiety scores and the scores increased with time in the 12 months;negative life events and subjective social supports were significant predictors of anxiety and related emotional disorders.Conclusion： To the adolescent survivors＇ mental recovery,it would be important to focus on decreasing the incidence of post-earthquake negative events and directing the survivors to seek for social supports.