箱庭疗法应用于儿童哀伤咨询的临床实践和理论

The Theoretic Basis and Clinical Practice of Sandplay Therapy Applied to Grief Counseling

为尝试将心理咨询与治疗实践和研究统一起来,首先对一名复杂哀伤儿童进行箱庭治疗实践,从中提取了研究的主题—箱庭疗法用于儿童哀伤咨询的机制;接着对复杂哀伤儿童进行箱庭治疗个案研究验证箱庭疗法与儿童哀伤咨询结合的可能性与可行性;最后将箱庭疗法和儿童哀伤咨询的理论背景进行梳理和总结获得箱庭疗法应用于儿童哀伤咨询的有效机制:①箱庭疗法的非言语特性可以提供安全表达哀伤的空间;②箱庭疗法为丧亲者提供过渡性客体;③箱庭制作能引发哀伤;④箱庭疗法能促进自我成长;⑤箱庭疗法与哀伤咨询的治疗理念相符;⑥箱庭疗法能促进家庭哀伤的完成。

In order to integrate the practice and research of counseling and psychotherapy,research topic why sandplay therapy could heal the bereaved children was explored from sandplay therapy practice for a bereaved children.A case study of sandplay therapy for a child with complicated grief was done to prove the possibility and feasibility of sandplay therapy applied to counseling for bereaved children.Theory of sandplay therapy and grief counseling for children was summarized to explain the effective mechanism of sandplay therapy applied to counseling for bereaved children：①Non-verbal setting could provide the safe space for expressing bereavement;②Sandtrays could be the transitional object;③Sandplay process could trigger bereavement;④Sandplay could promote self-growth;⑤The idea between sandplay therapy with grief counseling was correspondent;⑥Family sandplay helped family members complete their grief tasks.