论马克思的自然力思想

On Marx's Idea of Natural Force

自然力思想在马克思的哲学思想和经济思想中具有非常重要的地位,在他的哲学著作、经济学著作乃至通信往来中都广泛使用自然力这个范畴。在自然力越来越成为人类生存发展的重要约束条件的今天,重温并完整的把握和发展马克思的自然力思想依然具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文认为马克思的自然力思想包括:(1)自然力的经济学含义;(2)自然力的基本性质;(3)自然力成为生产力的条件;(4)自然力与剩余价值的秘密;(5)垄断的自然力与超额利润的来源;(6)大工业对自然力的破坏。

The term natural force occupied an important position in Marx＇s philosophical and economic ideas.It frequently appeared in his works of philosophy,economics and even in his correspondences.Today,when natural force is increasingly becoming a constraint on human existence,restudy and properly understand Marx＇s idea of natural force is still of great theoretical and practical significance.The paper attempts to present a systematic explanation of Marx＇s idea of natural force by mainly referring to＂Das Kapital＂ and Marx＇s other economic manuscripts.The author maintains that Marx＇s idea of natural force includes six aspects：（1） the economic meaning of natural force;（2） the basic property of natural force＇（3） the conditions for natural force to become productive force;（4） the secret of natural force and surplus value;（5） the monopoly of natural force and the source of excess profits;（6） destruction of major industry to natural force.